International Marketing

Developing Global Awareness
1) Tolerance of cultural differences
2) Knowledge of cultures, history, world market potential, and global economic,social political trends.
Trade Barriers
- Tariff     - Quota     - Boycott & Embargoes

Global Population Trends
- Population, rural/urban population shift, rates of growth, age level, population control >> affect demand
- Controlling population growth  >> Eg, family planning in China.
- Rural/Urban migration
- Population Decline & Aging  >> woman choose career rather than married and give birth
- Worker Shortage & Immigration

Political Economy
Colonisatism, communism, democracy, fascism
Technology
How tech affect culture >>> freedom
Social Institution
Family, religion, school, media, government, corporation

Element of culture
Hofstede  > IDV,PDI,VAI, MAS
- Individualism/Colletivism Index
- Power Distance Index
- Uncertainty Avoidance Index
- Cultutal values and consumer behaviour
Ritual
-coordinate ppl's interaction and special occasions
EG, Funerals, Marriage ceremonies
Symbols
Language - communication
Aesthetics as symbols - picture,dance song >> national identities
Belief
Religion & Superstition >> Asion belief ghost , number as prosperity , feng shui
Though process
Asian & Western thinks differently

Cultural Change
- cultural borrowing
- Similarities
- Resistance to change
- Planned & unplanned cultural change
- Consequences of innovation

International Dispute Resolution
Conciliation - nonbinding agreement between parties
Arbitration - with a third party as referee