International Marketing

Developing Global Awareness
1) Tolerance of cultural differences
2) Knowledge of cultures, history, world market potential, and global economic,social political trends.
Trade Barriers
- Tariff     - Quota     - Boycott & Embargoes

Global Population Trends
- Population, rural/urban population shift, rates of growth, age level, population control >> affect demand
- Controlling population growth  >> Eg, family planning in China.
- Rural/Urban migration
- Population Decline & Aging  >> woman choose career rather than married and give birth
- Worker Shortage & Immigration

Political Economy
Colonisatism, communism, democracy, fascism
Technology
How tech affect culture >>> freedom
Social Institution
Family, religion, school, media, government, corporation

Element of culture
Hofstede  > IDV,PDI,VAI, MAS
- Individualism/Colletivism Index
- Power Distance Index
- Uncertainty Avoidance Index
- Cultutal values and consumer behaviour
Ritual
-coordinate ppl's interaction and special occasions
EG, Funerals, Marriage ceremonies
Symbols
Language - communication
Aesthetics as symbols - picture,dance song >> national identities
Belief
Religion & Superstition >> Asion belief ghost , number as prosperity , feng shui
Though process
Asian & Western thinks differently

Cultural Change
- cultural borrowing
- Similarities
- Resistance to change
- Planned & unplanned cultural change
- Consequences of innovation

International Dispute Resolution
Conciliation - nonbinding agreement between parties
Arbitration - with a third party as referee

Human Resource Management

Dave Ulrich 1997 - 4 roles of the manager

1. Strategic Partner
2. Administrative Expert
3. Employee Champion
4. Change Agent

Micheal Porter 1980 - Business Level Strategy

1. Differentiation
2. Cost Leadership

Stewart & Brown 2009 - HR Strategy/Strategic Framework for HR

Bargain Labourer	Free Agent
Loyal Soldier	Committed Expert

Chapter5 Recruitment

1. Internal (recommended by employee), External ( Walk in)
2. Recruiting method - advertising, agencies, Universities recruiting, Professional association and electronic recruiting.
3. AIDA Technique

• Attention
• Interest
• Desire
• Action

Chapter6 Selection

• EEO - Age, Gender, Religion
• Test - Interest, Aptitude, Intelligence, Personality
• Interview
• Medical examination

The selection decision

Compensatory approach

Commited Expert > need people that can fit the culture ( time consuming/costly)

Successive Hurdles approach （排除法）

Free Agent > Fast recruiting

Chapter8 Remuneration

Financial v Non-Financial

Job evaluation

Job ranking/Job grading > must consider size of orgz, orgz resources, corp. culture, employee attitudes

Point system

Pay range

Standard range

Broadbanding> flatter structure,promote internal structure facilities job mobility.

Setting pay rates

• Seniority > LS low cost
• Pay for Performance (merit pay) > CE, FA
• Skill-based pay > LS- multiskilling >> efficiency

Chapter9 Remuneration incentive

  1)Individuals Incentive Plan

• Bonus (base wage)
• Merit Pay
• Incentive Award & Recognition
• Sales Incentive

 2)Small Group Incentive Plan

• Scanlon Plan(sales able to make)
• Rucker Plan (cost able to reduce)
• Improshare Plan ( Labour Hour)

 3)Large Group Incentives

• Profit sharing Plans
• At-Risk Incentive

Chapter10 Employee Health & Safety

1) Determine do OSHA or not? Based on what strategy?

• Obstructionist
• Defensive
• Accomodative
• Proactive

2) Health & Safety Issue

• Terrorism
• Sexual harassment
• Obesity
• Smoking
• Bullying

3) Stress

Positive or negative effect?

Sources of stress - work load, relationship, needs, law & regulation

Ways to Manage Stress - Relaxation, Exercise, Diet, Talk, Planning time management & delegation.

Chapter 11 Workplace Relation

Union become attractive when :

- Lack of communication between employee & management

- Lower pay

- Poor working condition

- Ignore worker's problem

- Treat employee badly

Employee can fight their right through :

- Featherbedding- union require company to pay for work that is not performed

- Demarcation- Restrict specific type of work to member of particular union

- Strikes

- Go slow

Salaried Operations

- treated all employees equally to avoid them joining union - to control power of union.

Chapter7 Human Resource Department

- Include training & development, career planning and performance appraisal.

Systematic approach to T&D

- accessment- training needs- organization, task, person variable

- activity- classroom activities, simulation

- Evaluation- Kirkpatrick 1983- Reaction, learning, behavior and result.

EEO issue in T&D

Access : opportunity for all ppl in T&D

Treatment : The way all ppl being treated during T&D

Content : Subject matter and style of presentation

Language : Presented only in English

Attendance : Making employees attend programs they find offensive.

Chapter13 IHRM

Differences between domestic & International HRM

- Additional activity- currency exchange

- Increase involvement in employee's personal life- spouse employment

- Increase risk- safety from terrorism

- More complex in employee mix & internal influence- political, economic.

Cross-cultural issues

- Communication- language misunderstanding, Eg: High content v Low content ( use lot of cues)

- Ethics- standard of behaviour

- Trust- relationship >> mutual trust

- Management style- manipulative or participating style

- EEO- alert to cultural differences. 

Marketing

Organizational buying (Characteristics)
- Demand characteristics
- Size of the order or purchase
- Number of potential buyers
- Organizational buying objectives
- Organizational buying criteria
- Buyer-seller relationships and supply partnership

5 Environmental Forces Analysis
- Social, Economic, Technological, Competitive, Regulatory

3 Type of company
- International Firm
- Multinational Firm
- Transnational Firm

Marketing Channel for consumer goods & services

- Direct channel - channel A

- Indirect channel - Channel B,C & D

Select Price Level (Demand oriented)

- Skimming Pricing

- Penetration Pricing

- Prestige Pricing

- Price lining

- Odd-even Pricing

- Target Pricing

Picking a good brand name

- memorable, distinctive and positive

- fit the company or product image

- simple

- no legal or regulatory restrictions.

Branding Strategies                                      Product Life Cycle

a) Multiproduct branding                              - Introduction stage, Growth, Maturity & decline

b) Multibranding

c) Private branding

d) Mixed branding

Sales promotion (customer-oriented)

- coupon, deals, premium, contests, sweepstakes, samples, rebates.

Promotion Elements

- Advertising, personal selling, public relation, sales promotion, direct marketing

Personal Selling

- Prospective >Pre-approach >Approach >Presentation >Close >Follow-up

New Product Process

1) New product strategy development

2) Idea generation

3) Screening and evaluation

4) Business analysis

5) Development

6) Market testing

7)Commercialization

Market research

Define problem> Develop research plan>Collect relevant information>Develop finding>Take marketing action

Consumer purchase decision

1) Problem recognition

2) Information search                     1) Extended problem solving         1)High Involvement

3) Alternative evaluation                 2) Limited problem solving

4) Purchase decision                      3) Routine problem solving            2) Low Involvement

5) Post purchase decision

My Beautiful Green Tarcollege

Subject taken in my Business Studies

Diploma Courses

• Introduction to Accounting
• Microeconomics
• Quantitative Studies
• English Language
• Hubungan Etnik
• Fundamentals of Accounting
• Information Technology & Systems
• Macroeconomics
• Introduction to Organization and Management
• English for Communication
• Fundamentals of Marketing
• Tamadun Islam & Asia
• Organization Behaviour
• English For Business
• Introduction to Human Resource Management
• Basic Management Principles
• Japanese Language I
• Commercial Law of Malaysia
• Company law
• Business Accounting
• Ethics for Business
• Japanese Language II
• Moral dan Etika
• Entrepreneurial Studies
• Organization Management & Strategy
• Business Finance
• Fundamentals of Corporate Administration
• Managing Information Systems

Advance Diploma Courses

• English for Management
• Japanese Language III
• Management Economics
• People and Organizations
• Marketing
• Corporate Finance
• International Business
• Business Research
• International Marketing
• Human Resource Management
• International Business Environment
• Operations Management
• Business and Society
• Strategic Planning and Management
• Entrepreneurial Skills
• Case Studies

Degree's Courses

• Strategic Marketing Management
• International Strategic Operation
• Contemporary Issues In International Business

Corporate Finance

Chapter 1
~Financial decision
~Capital budgeting decision
~Real asset
~Financial asset
CFO's role
~ Treasurer
~ Controller - responsible for budgeting, accounting, taxes
Agency problem
ownership vs management.
~managers act as agents for stockolders,may act in their own interet rather than maximizing value.
~stakeholder is the one with a financial intrest in the firm
Solving solution:
Compensation plans,BOD, takeovers, specialist monitoring, legal and regulatory requirement.

International business

Chapter1

Foreign firm International investment:

i) Foreign direct investments- owned a company

ii) Portfolio investments- just invest to get dividend

Problem:

1) legal system

2) culture

3)availability of resources

4) currency conversion

Activities of international business

1)Exporting& importing

2)International investment

3)Licensing, franchising, management contract

Objective of multinational corporations

~ engage in FDI

~ own and control foreign assets

~ buy, create and sell goods & services in multiple coutries.
Globalization- decline of trade barrier
~ end of world war II
~ technological change(telecommunication,internet >> lower infor cost,lower transportaton)
Global institution occur:
~manage,regulate and police the global market place
~promote lower trade barrier
Eg: GATT general agreement on tariffs and trade,WTO World trade organization, UN united nations, IMF international monetary fund
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chapter3
Legal environment
~Domestic follow home country's law.
~International businesses follow home and host country's law.
Type of law:
i)Common law (country under british before) eg, malaysia ,singapore
ii)Civil law eg,Italy, japan thailand
iii)Religious law eg, saudi arabia,Iran (no appeal process)
iv)Bureaucratic law (country under communist before) eg, china, south korea